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Entenda como funciona a eleição nos EUA

Nos EUA, as eleições não são diretas. O processo de escolha dos candidatos à presidência ocorre por meio do chamado colégio eleitoral

Quando os americanos marcam nas cédulas o nome do candidato, na verdade, eles estão indicando para os membros do colégio eleitoral qual o político que eles querem que seja eleito

O colégio tem 538 delegados, que são definidos pelos partidos políticos, antes das eleições

Para chegar à Casa Branca, o candidato precisa do apoio de pelo menos 270 delegados (metade mais um)

Cada um dos 50 estados americanos têm um determinado número de votos no colégio eleitoral, calculado com base na população

Assim, enquanto a Califórnia - o estado mais populoso do país - contabiliza 55 votos, Wyoming, o menor, tem apenas 3

O candidato que ganhar a maioria do voto popular leva todos os votos do colégio eleitoral naquele estado, com exceção de Nebraska e Maine, que possuem um sistema de distribuição proporcional

Em muitos casos, na noite da eleição, já é possível saber quem é o vencedor. Não foi o caso dos pleitos de 2000 e 2020

Na disputa entre Trump e Biden,
a polêmica está nos votos pelo correio. Nos Estados Unidos,
é permitido enviar a cédula
do voto em vez de fazê-lo presencialmente na urna

Este ano, essa modalidade registrou uma quantidade recorde de votos. A apuração atrasou porque alguns estados esperam até três dias após a eleição para receber as cédulas enviadas pelos correios

Trump, sem nenhuma prova, diz que esse tipo de voto é passível de fraude. Assim, em caso de uma derrota apertada no colégio eleitoral, o discurso para a judicialização já está pronto

Os integrantes do colégio eleitoral só votam em meados de dezembro. Em alguns estados, eles são obrigados a seguir o voto popular. Já em outras regiões, são livres para votar como quiserem. Na prática, eles optam pelo candidato definido pelo voto popular, com raríssimas exceções

O resultado oficial da eleição só é divulgado em 6 de janeiro, quando os votos são contados em sessão conjunta no Congresso

IMAGENS:
Tenor GIF / Globo Imprensa

PRODUÇÃO:
Olivia Meireles
Yanka Romão

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