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CPIs que abalaram a República
O presidente do Senado, Rodrigo Pacheco (DEM-MG), leu em 13 de abril de 2021 o requerimento de criação da Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito (CPI) da Covid. Mas você sabe desde quando é possível instalar uma CPI e qual é o peso da comissão?
Com poderes equivalentes aos de autoridades judiciais, as comissões parlamentares de inquérito se destinam a investigar "fato relevante para a vida pública e para a ordem constitucional, legal, econômica ou social do país"
A CPI nasceu na Inglaterra, em 1689. No Brasil, o artifício passou a ser previsto a partir da Constituição de 1934 – apesar de já haver registros anteriores de deputados e senadores que fiscalizavam o funcionamento de órgãos públicos
No entanto, a nova Constituição imposta com o golpe de 1937 não previa a instalação de CPIs. As comissões parlamentares de inquérito só voltaram a ser autorizadas em 1946, com o fim da ditadura de Getúlio Vargas
Foi Getúlio Vargas, inclusive, o primeiro alvo de uma CPI instalada na Câmara dos Deputados. A comissão investigou os atos da ditadura varguista. Resultado: não houve conclusão
Mas não subestime o poder de uma CPI. Em 1992, por exemplo, uma investigação parlamentar causou a queda do então presidente da República, Fernando Collor de Mello – o primeiro presidente eleito pelo voto direto após o fim da ditadura militar
A CPI investigou a denúncia de Pedro Collor de Mello, irmão de Fernando Collor. O mandatário foi acusado de participar de um esquema de corrupção envolvendo o tesoureiro dele, PC Farias. Naquele mesmo ano, foi aberto um processo de impeachment e Collor renunciou
Já no ano seguinte, em 1993, uma outra CPI marcou a história da República. Pela primeira vez, parlamentares investigaram colegas no esquema que ficou conhecido como Anões do Orçamento
O esquema foi denunciado pelo ex-assessor da Comissão Mista de Orçamento José Alves (PPR). O Congresso Nacional investigou parlamentares por desvio de verba pública. Seis tiveram o mandado cassado, oito foram absolvidos e quatro renunciaram
Agora, a CPI da Covid investigará ações e omissões do governo federal no enfrentamento da pandemia e o colapso da saúde no estado do Amazonas, no começo do ano
A Casa também irá investigar o uso de recursos federais destinados ao enfrentamento da crise sanitária por estados e municípios. As comissões têm o prazo de 120 dias, prorrogáveis
TEXTO:
Tácio Lorran
IMAGENS:
Metrópoles, Unsplash, Divulgação, Reprodução Veja, Arquivo FGV, Governo do Brasil, Agência Brasil, Agência Senado e Giphy
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